2.Shiba-Maruyama Kofun/芝丸山古墳

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Shiba Maruyama Kofun (a keyhole-shaped Kofun in Shiba Park. Designated a historic site by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government)
In Japan, the period from the mid-3rd century to around the 6th century is known as the Kofun period, a time when kofun were actively built.

The many ancient tombs discovered throughout the country are important sources for understanding the process by which local chiefs emerged to unite people who had shifted from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to village-based lives centered on rice farming, and which were then unified into a single nation centered in the Kinki region known as the Yamato Court.
In particular, it is widely believed that the sphere of influence of the Yamato court overlapped with the area where ancient tombs known as “keyhole-shaped tumuli,” which are characterized by a combination of circular and square shapes, were built.

Shiba Maruyama Kofun in Minato Ward is one of the largest keyhole-shaped tumuli in Tokyo, estimated to have been built in the late 4th century. It is believed that the power of the Yamato court during that period had an influence all the way from the Kinki region to this region, which explains its archaeological value.

(Shiba Maruyama Kofun | Minato City Tourism Association | VISIT MINATO CITY – Official tourism information site for Minato City, Tokyo https://visit-minato-city.tokyo/ja-jp/places/1122

芝丸山古墳（芝公園にある前方後円墳。東京都指定史跡）
我が国では、3世紀半ば〜6世紀頃までが「古墳時代」と呼ばれていて、古墳が盛んに作られた時代です。

狩猟採取の生活から稲作を中心として村単位で生活するようになった人々を纏める各地域の首長が現れ、「大和朝廷(ヤマト王権)」と呼ばれる、近畿地方を中心とする、一つの国家へと統合されていく過程を知る上で、全国で多数発見された古墳が、重要な資料となっています。
特に、大和朝廷の勢力範囲が「前方後円墳」と呼ばれる、円形と方形を組み合わせた形が特徴の古墳が作られた範囲に重なると広く考えられいるのがその典型。

こちら港区の芝丸山古墳は、4世紀後半の築造と推定される都内最大級の前方後円墳で、大和朝廷の力が、その時代に、遠く近畿地方からこの地域まで影響があったと考えられており、その考古学的価値が理解出来ると思います。

(芝丸山古墳 | 港区観光協会 | VISIT MINATO CITY – 東京都港区の観光情報公式サイト https://share.google/koY0NSRcfuJfJoRtB）